India Today

The India I see now is not the India I grey up in seven decades back. Of course, I've changed... from a child to a man to an old man. But some things remain pretty constant with ageing, for instance your cultural heritage, moral attitudes, instinctive feelings Etc. The Roman philosopher Cicero in his essay on Old Age said that as a man grew into old age he lost nothing of his memory or higher faculties, only he was given the privilege of "changing his opinions gracefully" !! Well, I haven't changed my opinions gracefully! I detest what is going on around us in India under the name of "dolopment". I simply LOATHE it. Much of the loathing is I suppose unjust because many of the gullible actors are plain uninformed, foolish, illiterate to realities.

In the past quarter century (1991 and Manmohan Singh's Finance Ministership) what had started as the post Rajiv Gandhi Liberalism rapidly became a world bank prescription for economic development. The country went fast-forward into industrializing the green zones of the nation and rampant extraction of minerals, vandalization of forests, and displacement of tibals... we havent forgotten the 740 villages of southern Chhatisgarh destroyed between June and December 2005. I would look at the scenery of land acquisition, GDP and the demand for national resources for increasing industrialization from a rather more rarefied psychological view-point. The problem increasingly lies in the high-jacking the mind of this nation and in particular its youth through our media, schooling, and job opportunities in the higher income sectors where toe youth are told to head.

Skewered television programmes, massive increase in sophisticated cellphones, advertisement marketing and Promises of a New Thing have given the vegetable woman down the road an inside view of everything and children able to use a mobile phone the opportunity to view pornography. That's some idea of development. I wonder what the Greeks of Athens let alone Sparta would have said to all this ? The original genius of India like Greece and Rome after her lay in the combined evolved genius of milennia flowing freely through the poupulace. Today this genius and all it meant and still means is in the grip of a young post 1980s set of young corporates, bureaucrats and politicians. This first generation is out of our control and their offspring are the India of tomorrow who will not understand what we mean by "Indian Civilization". The medical profession calls such stage of a disease Terminal. The rural peoples of India which includes hundreds of tribes had with fortitude shared the self-produce of the national natural resources (lands, forests, rivers etc.) without any mucking-about in a thoroughly evolved EGALITARIAN democracy which nobody likes to talk about (it's an embarrassment to think we destroyed what Jawaharlal Nehru called 'The Discovery of India')-- the great so called mirage of the larger reality which Tagore and others have referred to as "the civilization of India". This was the civilizational wealth of five thousand years of steady religious, intellectual and cultural growth which Huen Tsang the Chinese pilgrim of the 6th cent. recounts with such poignancy in his 'Travels'. We replaced it immediately after 1947 with industrialism (and all that crap) whose burden like Prometheus' is increasing daily.

To go back to this civilizational heritage of India -- it was that residual cultural and experiential heritage of uncounted millennia going back to the stone-age when man first left his markings and drawings in rock caves, the spirit of self-dependence and altruism with which the nation as a body together rose in rags to face the wealth of British colonialism, its might of arms, and ruthlessness of exploitation of resources for industry. With Gandhi India rose to a man, woman, child. The sheer MORAL strength of India was too much for British authority. They did not use the automatic gunfire which they used on Zulus in South Africa. After Jalianwala Bagh they accepted Tagore's return of his Knighthood (and which Knight would not ?). That civilization of India had moral bases and spiritual foundations deeper than the foundations of the island called England. Gandhi had challenged the industrial usage of our national resources to be exported to England for manufacture to be sold back to us and resulted in the Dandi March, Quit India, and the burning of British cloth from Lancashire and other mills. I don't think many 1980s born politico-bureaucrats or corporate sahibs of today can even digest these truths into their brains. For the brain too digests. Modern India won its freedom from colonialism on a MORAL premise. Where has that morality gone????

Today the selling of the Nation to the highest bidder is going on in the name of Development, GDP and Globalization. The ancient tillers of the soul are being hounded out of their lands being hastily sold to corporates by state governments without any form of local consent whatsoever, vast swathes of this Nation's land, forests, water resources and minerals have been exchanged on paper with big banks like the IMF and World Bank and the very meaning of Nationalism has been high-jacked into the discovery of a new India where the ownership will no longer be India's. Does this not amount to treason ?As industrialization increasingly enters the very innermost, least accessible heartlands of India, do we not feel a pain at what we are losing; have we lost the mental ability to DIGEST the enormity of abuse and suffering caused through heartless greed and selfish opportunism ? Is not the Conscience of the world at stake ? Do we not have brothers and sisters in every continent on this planet who understand our predicament of uncontrollable loss and would sympathize with us.

Shouldn’t we be asking ourselves some hard questions ?

I’ve been reading the new book on the environment Churning the Earth: The Making of Global India, by Aseem Shrivastava and Ashish Kothari published by Penguin/Viking last year. For these past three decades I’ve been myself immersed in environmental campaigns, in particular against opencast coal mining in the Damodar valley. As the temperatures begin rising steeper each summer, the monsoons fail repeatedly, droughts and floods become increasingly frequent a lot of people have started taking an interest in the Other Side od Global Industrialism.

The greatest changes in society come from within an acceptance of particular value systems and their impact on food, water and human happiness as far as the natural environment is concerned. Up until the industrial revolution value systems were dependant on a basically survival environment. After the advent of industrialism and the economy dependant on minerals and non renewable resources the industrialized West moved into a new theatre of  industrial production  using machines powered from fossil fuels and left behind the good old egalitarian systems of farming and exchange  -- the food system that had held together the Old Order. This was armed colonialism which was backed by the newly available automatic firepower and brought its own militarized hierarchies and the policing of hitherto peaceful self-sufficient natural environments and their highly evolved societies which suddenly became backward savages sitting upon the raw materials useful for industrial production. This was the recent epoch we have witnessed and whose face is familiar in our new India where we have inflicted more damage on our natural environment and  rural and forest societies in the name of development than two centuries of British colonialism and three centuries of Mughal rule could achieve.

Throughout the five centuries of colonial expansion over the planet governments became more and more powerful especially after the nineteenth century, and it is estimated the natural heritage and species lost and being lost is something not witnessed in millions of years. European colonialism snatched more than half the planet’s richest continental resources in the name of Sovereignty and through what has been defined by Native American jurists as ‘Conquest by Law’. After the colonization of Meso-and-South America in the 16^th century came the colonization of Africa, America , Australia and the Pacific, Southeast Asia and South Asia. Vast swathes of hitherto untouched natural environments became subjected to the scythe which is called development, farming the planet for industrial warlords.

Today I see no answers or solutions given to find the right direction. I keep reading pages after pages of radical new solutions, a ‘how to’ type of approach, but the solution to my mind lies not in building fairy castles but in identifying the sickness and tackling it at its source. Nobody fully seems to understand – maybe a few do – that the most urgent action is to stop the massive damage being done to nature and society while we keep on implementing ‘solutions’. Its what happened with Global Warming. Everybody was optimistic until the space for optimism ran out. Then these agencies started to tick faster but kept failing. Now we are aware Climate Change as its called, the result of anthropogenic global warming, cannot be any longer stopped. And I’m not joking. There are rays of hope like Niyamgiri in Odisha and several other successful activist campaigns against destructive development, but the problem will not go away. There has to be a national consciousness consensus that the state is headed in the wrong direction. We require to step back and analyse our own selves. No great change in society ever was possible without a change of self, a philosopher’s stone. Like Sparta or the presence of Socrates which helped develop the Roman state. Or after 300 AD the rise of the Roman Catholic in Europe. For better or worse it led to the Reformation, Renaissance, Age of Exploration, and finally, the Enlightenment. Then all the lights suddenly go out. The greatest wars the world has ever seen raged from end nineteenth century (Zulu and Boer Wars) to the two great World Wars in which an estimated eighty millions died.

The challenge for educational institutions in our own times bear the shadows of the past and the even longer shadows cast by the future. The schools, colleges and other educational institutions are today churning out the young citizens of tomorrow born into an uncertain, fragile and mechanistic environment  -- digital and cyberspace, neuro engineered and robotic  -- they are the citizens of tomorrow in a world with an evidently new moral order… When I look at the good schools (ands I am specifically looking at our Indian schools)I am greatly distressed because these high achieving young folk are being created precisely to become fodder for the Industrial Machine waiting to swallow them. The IM is the devil in disguise. I know the paychecks are good, and more’s the problem! It is these industries that will provide these youth what is today fashionably called by the nouveau riche  a’higher standard of life’.  It is precisely this double-speak which I am referring to. I know that all parents want their children to ‘do well’ in life, but what is ‘well’ may I ask ? Are we calculating the costs ?

It has been said that culture is the product of a sound education. What do we mean by a ‘sound education’ ? Does 99.8% in exams  sum up human life ? The human race is a long rigmarole of change but nowhere have robotic geniuses created El-Dorados except in the present times.  Are not the creations of our imagination – our own children – the most important investment in our common futures as a race ?  And with their superior knowledge and ability are they not the material needed to bring the  environment to nothing but rubble. This planet EARTH we stand on (always thinking we are standing upright!), this Blue Planet,  is a tiny fragment of an asteroid in the hostile emptiness of black space warmed by a slowly dying Sun. It is no longer Blue as in Armstrong’s 1969 photograph from the Eagle on his way to the moon. Recent NASA photos show it brown by day, and by night ablaze with electric lights. We have created a dying environment in the only home we have.

Education has been going on for millennia, and all great civilizations evolved their own great systems of education in their own languages and scripts from Mayan, Inca  and Toltec to Mesopotamian, Arab and Egyptian. Even Europe latterly after Greece had education. China and Asia have been great models for education. Highly civilized societies have presided over what we now possess. There have been the great Upanishadic schools of India, and even now the higher education of India is in her temple schools and ancient ethnic ways of life and culture having their own knowledge systems.

I am trying to say that we cannot have systems of education which celebrate the blowing up of the Earth and polluting its atmosphere to the point that it will be too hot to live in and climates will change destroying all traditional ecological produce from agriculture to forest gardens. We cannot to afford  to have a highly industrialized planet and a more highly polluted living space just because every body wants to live “ Western Style”. In his own inimitable way the Mahatma said  “If every one in India wants to live at the standard of the England then five continents will be required.” As ever, he was Spot-On.

The natural spaces are disappearing so fast that in a decade rivers, lakes, forests, and what is referred to as ‘the countryside’ will disappear under highways, parking lots and industrial developments. Europe and the UK have woken up to the world crisis faster than Indians and hit the brakes. Coal is out in Germany, UK, France. The  sky on an an April day in the countryside “under and English heaven” azure blue as a baby’s eyes, is still to be experienced. The ‘London Smog’ of old is no more.  The forests of Europe once ravaged by industry and war a full and flourishing, the rivers clean and brimful, same with the lakes.

We continue with fatalistic feudalism to the utter collapse of our last ecosystems, cities piled with stinking garbage, the poorest nation in the world with the highest malnutrition levels (worse than sub-Saharan Africa I’m told) – Here is a challenge for our educational institutions: Schools, Colleges, Centres of ‘Higher’ (whatever That means) learning’. Tomorrow is what we do today. If we do it wrong there may not be any Day After Tomorrow.

The higher educational institutions and the so called higher class English Medium schools (upto Plus Two) in India are churning out students for the higher income elite sector/industrial jobs which is directly responsible for the destruction of India's natural resources and massive displacement of land and forest dependent indigenous peoples. This high-end India is concerned with private and state consumption which reflects in GDP and is representative of less than a quarter of the Nation's population. It has been estimated recently that 200 million Indians enjoy a level of GDP equivalent to the economies of Great Britain, Germany, and France combined. But what about the rest of the Nation of 1.2 billion souls supposedly all created equal ? There is not and can not be equality for all and 40 percent of India's 1.2 billion live below the poverty line of a dollar a day, while 25% live in a state of chronic malnutrition and abject poverty and starvation. Most of this kind of malnutrition and starvation is linked with the eighty million displaced in the last sixty-five years through state sponsored destructive development projects. If education is to have a social purpose it must not be exclusive or hierarchical or create an exploitative class and has to be national in the best sense in the belief which Thomas Jefferson voiced in the words" We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal."(American Declaration of Independence 4th July 1776). In the modern Indian system such equality is not envisioned and even if envisioned cannot be applied due to racial, religious, and caste prejudices. We have created an increasingly industrialized India facing historical acceleration dependant upon economic hierarchies which are at the cost of the Nation's poorest and is dependent upon the natural resources and lands they have ancestrally lived upon. We are witnessing the social evolution run amok of modern India especially in the past two decades -- since Neo-Liberalisam was given full rein -- a situation similar to what the Spanish Conquistadores enacted in the Americas with the conquest of the Aztecs by Herman Cortes in their lake-encircled capital of Tenochtetlan in 1519 in Mexico, and the subsequent conquest of the Inca in Cuzco, Peru by Francesco Pizarro. In both events modern firearms, Spanish steel, horses and germs (smallpox) carried by the Spanish triumphed. The germs caused epidemics which almost wiped out the meso-American population. In our present context similar forces are at work only the weapons are Economic, Psychological, and State-empowered policy, and and the germ most powerfully active is a new technology for transforming traditional mindsets, i.e. Internet, Television, Advertizing/Media and Cellphone. India today is the film-set and landscape of the 2009 blockbuster film Avatar.

BULU IMAM

Sanskriti, Dipugarha

Hazaribagh, Jharkhand

16th September, 2013

Written specially for the Mt.Carmel (St.Joseph’s School) 50th Jubilee Annual 2013

Offerings of the Primitive Peoples of the World

Offerings of the Primitive Peoples of the World

The first signs of human expression which appear on stone walls from deepest antiquity are images of natural forms that had first inspired the primitive artists, and which were in a way the forerunners of what would become writing, although nature has its own many forms of writing that we are only now through the aid of science beginning to realize is in fact an expression asking to the purpose served by writing as we now know it, which is the conveyance of thoughts and ideas through form. Thus the writing of early man was in tangible forms, an idea still expressed in over eight thousand characters of Chinese writing.

One of the weapons of conflict has been writing for when a new form of writing or visual communication is imposed upon alien societies then their own systems of expression and thinking become confused and begin breaking down before the new model imposed upon them. Tangible phenomenal expressions of this are to be found in the European conquests of Pre-Columbian America and in other places where European colonization broke down indigenous societies destroying their ancient highly evolved forms of writing, language, worship and social and cultural values and behaviour which were all forcibly destroyed and replaced by new forms of thinking and action imposed by their conquerors.

Primitive hunting and gathering tribes could communicate with the prey they hunted through an understanding of their ways and language. Socrates was the first to observe how writing is at best a reminder to the one who reads of what is already known, a forerunner of Carl Jung’s hypothesis of a universal unconscious. We are aware of powerful signals which exist between animals and birds and their natural environment for example forewarnings of tsunamis and earthquakes and volcanic eruptions or tsunamis. There is much which we know which science cannot explain and much in the realm of intuition that may never be explained. It would seem that evolution itself is moving steadily towards entropy in the process of which primal knowledges are steadily being lost and  is in accordance with the principles embodied in the second law of thermodynamics. All the so called new ideas which confront us daily are merely recollections of what past ages have experienced even thousands of years ago, which was then known and understood and acted upon more profoundly than in our own times, for the human has basically remained unchanged for nearly half a million years. And hence the space for our new religions and churches, mosques, temples and religions from theologies to economics. The indigenous societies – even those living amongst us at the present time –have managed to preserve much which is precious primeval knowledge which cannot be discovered by science and has developed from what Darwing called evolution through natural selection. These knowledges in theabsence of the written word in these societies have been orally transmitted through millennia in an unbroken oral tradition and social example which is now being so rapidly lost, and which is one of the greatest threats to human survival on this planet. Because of the deep connection between an object and the name which men have given it in palaeolithic times comes down to us in the roots of our own modern languages creating the alphabets themselves. Only after the development of phonetic alphabets would the words and characters begin to lose their original connections with the forms  (and even ideas) which they expressed, perhaps best preserved in the present traditions of the characters written in Chinese.

Among many existing primitive cultures the sensory awareness has not become a word that is existing in writing and in which uncountable sensory inferences remain

 Unexpressed in our own writing but which may yet be transferred from one person to another without speech or writing. This is seen in the language of birds and animals, their songs and calls the most famous examples being in the animal kingdom between whales and dolphin and elephants where messages are conveyed over hundreds of kilometers. The deep evolved sensory participation through their interaction in a common natural environment is extraordinarily highly developed among the human hunter-gatherers still to be found in Africa, India, Australia and other regions  in nearly their ancient states. What has been called extra-sensory perception is rather, a heightened sensory participation. Primitive peoples understand the calls of birds and animals and even though these are often their food prey they have not lost sight of the sacred bond which binds them in a wild survival environment. And the anthropologists have discovered the deep ritual connections which these societies maintain with these birds and animals which they hunt, remarkable examples being between the Australian Aboriginal and the kangaroo, the Kalahari Bushmen and the eland, and the entire bases of totem among tribes and the sources of totemic clan and place names is devolved from this deep relationship. In the primitive languages of these peoples bird and animal calls, the sounds of wind and water, have entered not only into their speech but in their dances and musical expressions and is most deeply felt in their songs in the literary sense. The leap of a kangaroo or the whistling of an arrow or the halt of a startled deer are as beautifully expressed in their dance or rock paintings as in their songs and folk stories.  We should not be surprised to be reminded that these are the startling heights in our own classical music or artistic expression for both are in the worlds of the supersensory awareness of our race and express the highest points of our expression and awareness. After immense spans of time and uncountable changes man has basically remained unchanged as an animal from the kingdom of the animals which he still inhabits despite his cement and concrete barriers. The relationship between primitive peoples and their bird and animal friends there is such a close bond that they are careful in their utterances lest they offend them. This remains between them and the natural world an innate respect which modern scientific man who worships only the gods of money and science has lost. These deep connections remain only with those who live close to the land and when they move away from the lands and forests they used to live in to the towns and cities they lose these contacts and they lose the powers which go with them.

This should be quite obvious but in our modern haste for material comforts we forget that the bonds we have had with nature sustained an earlier far better world, and one we have abused in our tryst with destiny. For the locals the places and wild creatures whom  they have traditionally lived and loved and struggled to survive among have special significances and names as of living things and they are always referred to as relatives such as fathers or mothers, brothers and sisters. This close relationship modern industrial man has lost with the natural world and it is the cause of his downfall from an apex species to one on the road to extinction. Be they streams or rivers, mountains or hills, or the great temperate and alpine forests that are the mothers of the rivers, and in turn their basins from where evolved theancestors of the great river valley civilizations, these are all are the matrix from where our species has sprung and alone can save our species, the humans, from the dark clouds and climate changes that today threaten our arrogance in an industrial civilization.

All this, however, assumes the maintainence of a natural symbiotic order imposed by the fact of our common planetary existence on a single planet spinning in a dark and hostile universe.In our modern industrialized world in which we have mined the deepest river lands and run the rivers dry and mined the mountains where the ice has begun to melt and collapse of their fragile environments, where we have bulldozed our way through the living earth destroying agricultural survival and displaced their peoples both settled and nomadic , we have thus destroyed this ancient and sacred connection between man and the environment that sustains him. The ancient societies and their lands, forests and rivers have rapidly disappeared in the short space of a few centuries since the industrial revolution began.

The traditional autochthonous imagination  which is rooted in these fragile elements have collapsed and a new Orwellian industrial manifestation turns to literature and the arts for solace as new cultural forms force their way out of the mire of ecological destruction and   we become children of a dark chaotic world in which there is no compass and no guide for our future survival. Of necessity as the higher orders have become economically resilient on the harvesting of irreplaceable natural resources the impoverished agrarian and  forest societies  ate the forerunners of extinction and desolation.

This is why it is patently impossible for the modern industrial western mind to come to terms with reality or to read the significance  of the pre-historic epic sagas of antiquity still nestling in remote corners of the world still holding out against impossible odds which are being steadily destroyed through the industrial economy and mindset based upon greed and profit ploughing heedlessly through the most defenceless human populations and their very last pristine environments which they have for so long protected over millions of years. It has been correctly observed that primitive societies cling precariously to their primitive technologies in spite of modern technology because in doing so they maintain their balance with nature. These actions are inextricably bound to their ways of living, their moral and social order, and their animist religion of worshipping nature as mother and provider. Clinging to primitive ways must be seen as more that a desire to be primitive, it must be seen and understood as an umbilical link to the very sources of subsistence that have saved these societies for so long on a planet of immense earth upheavals in the past and which they face again in the momentum of the mechanical industrial upheaval of the present times. They know they must not give up their beliefs in the profound spiritual essences found in the natural world and which are indispensable to them.

These arguments will find  no takers amongst missionaries and social developers let alone the industrialists eager to exploit mineral and ore deposits, harvesters of forests and builders of big dams, who claim they are bringing the poor people a higher standard of living when in fact they are extincting their populations, worship  and culture and turning them into urban and industrial labour forces.

One of the most destructive factors in the modernization of these traditional societies has been literacy itself. It has introduced a new industrial mindset into the vulnerable youth in tune with the rapidly escalating economy which has place only for the rich and not the poor. In fact doing away with the poor creates wealth for the rich and is reminiscent of what happened during the imposition of the corn laws in Ireland during the nineteenth century which shipped the dispossessed into the vast vacant spaces of North America. Social thoreticians will ever argue in favour of development that suits the pockets and interests of the wealthy against the impoverished, oppressed and displaced. History repeats itself. The modern developers still argue that they are working in the interests of upliftment of the poor while there is ranged against the poor the entire industrial and state machinery of exploitation. The most powerful machinery in this endeavour of industrialization is literacy itself! Today we are in the age of computers and super computers and the needs of the future demand more from the earth than simply minerals, they require rare earths. Deeper and wider grows the web of mineral extraction, faster and faster the forests and rivers disappear, the climate is changing even as barren lands replace once fertile agricultural fields.  The peasantry disappears and with it the future food security of the planet. A new world dawns before us, the gulf between the old and the new becoming impassable,. While the industrial revolution during the heyday of colonialism  placed an increasing dependancy upon natural resources from foreign continents today these things in third world countries are happening closer to home…and these minerals and rare earths, ores, metals, and chemical substances to be gouged from beneath the fields and forests to the sun’s stored carbon energy in coal, to the altering the hydrology of river systems and subterranean sources of ancient water all part of the great industrial machine driven by oil, coal and electricity from carbon, vast water bodies for growing cotton and cooling thermo nuclear plants drives a gargantuan mill as the very stamp of death upon once fertile lands, and drive our modern world with its indigenous inhabitants and young school children uncertain of a darkening future into the oblivion of Tomorrow,

In our own times in this opening decade of the twenty-first century it is fortunate a new realization has sprung from the very top – though driven by early grassroots activism from the very bottom – into the realization of the portents of the future in such heedless industrialization and exploitation of non renewable natural resources;  a new awakening to the importance of indigenous knowledges has begun; the connections between man asnd nature have been understood; the importance of traditional cultural activities and belief systems have been recognized as the sustainable way forward. But research and documentation by themselves are useless unless we stop the rampant destruction of nature still going on or else an ecological catastrophe of such enormity will engulf us that it will not be capable of being met through the world’s economies or insurance companies. And I believe of late that this consciousness is beginning to settle in  the minds of those in control of power. But we can never rule out the threats from the conspiracy of evil which cares not for anything but itself.

The effects of industrialization of the planet are now easily observed from outer space, from the changing of green cover to the new events of climate change. The deep relationship between tradition and the natural landscape is increasingly being accepted even as a younger generation is stepping into the offices of an older generation. The impact of industrialization upon the art and literature of our planet is being understood outside the circle of small literary societies and art galleries in the cities and their wider importance as a global phenomenon is being understood. The sacredness of ancient systems of survival are being searched for again. It is my fervent hope that it is yet not too late for traditional societies to reassert themselves and gain recognition on the need to protect and preserve their lands. Unless there is a mass awakening worldwide in the common human consciousness that this blue planet stands defenceless before a few giant industrial corporations and corrupt governments the world , and mankind as we know it, is bound to disappear very  soon, perhaps even within the century. The greatest challenge before us is to control carbon, methane, and other industrial emissions warming the atmosphere at an unbelievably rapid rate (1.5C per decade). This is our first and foremost challenge.

                                                                                                              Bulu Imam

Sanskriti, Dipugarha

Hazaribagh, Jharkhand

India

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